Diabetes Mellitus (DM), commonly known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period. Symptoms often include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased appetite. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemia state, or death. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers, damage to the nerves, damage to the eyes, and cognitive impairment.

Causes of Diabetes:

Diabetes mellitus is classified into six categories type 1, type 2, a hybrid form, hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy, unclassified diabetes, and other specific types. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas producing enough insulin or the body’s cells not responding properly to the insulin produced. There are three main types of diabetes mellitus.

Type 1 diabetes: It results from the pancreas’s failure to produce enough insulin due to the loss of beta cells. This form was previously referred to as “insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus” (IIDM) or “juvenile diabetes.” An autoimmune response causes the loss of beta cells. It must be managed with insulin injections.

Type 2 diabetes: It begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. As the disease progresses, a lack of insulin may also develop. This form was previously referred to as “noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus” (NIDDM) or “adult-onset diabetes.” The most common cause is a combination of excessive body weight and insufficient exercise. It may be prevented by maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical exercise, normal body weight, and avoiding tobacco use. It may be treated with medications such as insulin sensitizers with or without insulin. Control of low blood pressure and maintaining proper foot and eye care are important for people with the disease. Insulin and some oral medications can cause low blood sugar. Weight loss surgery in those with obesity is sometimes an effective measure in those with type 2 diabetes.

3.Gestational diabetes: It is the third main form and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop high blood sugar levels. This type of diabetes usually resolves after the birth of the baby.

4.Other types:  Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited form of diabetes, due to one of the several single-gene mutations causing defects in insulin productions. It is significantly less common than the three main types, constituting 1-2% of all cases.

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Exercise and Diabetes:

People with diabetes are encouraged to exercise regularly for better blood sugar control and reduce cardiovascular diseases. The reason for this is that muscles that are working use more glucose than those that are resting. Muscle movement leads to greater sugar uptake by muscle cells and lower blood sugar levels. Additional benefits of exercise include a healthier heart, better weight control, and stress management. Exercise is the common term used to describe any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness.

Why is exercise important?

As well as strengthening the cardiovascular system and the body’s muscles, many people exercise to keep fit, lose or maintain a healthy weight, sharpen their athletic skills, or purely for enjoyment. Frequent and regular physical exercise is recommended for people of all ages as it boosts the immune system and helps protect conditions such as:

• Heart disease.
• Stroke.
• Type 2 Diabetes.

Other healthy benefits of exercising regularly include:

• Improve mental health
• Boosts self-esteem/confidence.
• Enhances sleep quality and energy levels.
• Cuts the risk of stress and depression.

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Tips To Stay Positive while coping with Diabetes:

1.Lifestyle:

People with diabetes can benefit from education about the disease and treatment, Dietary changes, exercise to keep short-term and long-term blood glucose levels within acceptable bounds. Lifestyle plays a vital role in this; how we live? What we eat our day-to-day routine and every single step of life what we do matters a lot.

• Learn about carbohydrate counting and portion sizes.

A key to many diabetes management plans is learning how to count carbohydrates. Carbs often have the biggest impact on your blood sugar levels. For taking mealtime insulin, it’s vital to know the number of carbs in your food so you get the proper insulin dose. Learn what portion size is appropriate for each food type. Simplify your meal planning down portions for Foods you often eat. Using a measuring cup will be helpful.

• Make every meal well-balanced.

As much as possible, plan for every meal to have a good mix of Starches, Fruits and Vegetables, and whole grains that are better for you than others.

These foods are low in carbohydrates and have fibers that help keep your blood sugar levels more stable Talking to your Doctor and nurses, and Dietitian about the best food choices and the appropriate balance of food types.

• Coordinate your meals and medication.

Too little food in proportion to your Diabetes medications-especially insulin -may result in dangerously low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Too much food may cause your blood sugar level to climb too high (hyperglycemia). Talking to your diabetes health care team about how to best coordinate meal and medication schedules.

• Avoid sugar-sweetened beverages.

Sugar Sweet and beverages tend to high calories and offer little nutrition. Because they cause blood sugar to rise quickly, it’s best to avoid these types of foods if one has diabetes. The Exception is if you are experiencing a low blood sugar level. Sugar-sweetened beverages, such as soda, juices, and sports drinks can be used as an effective treatment for quickly raising blood sugar that is too low.

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2.Yoga And Pranayams:

Yoga and pranayama play a vital role in our bodies. Daily performing yoga and asanas will not only help our diabetes to maintain and in our control, but it is helpful in our weight, maintaining and preventing us from various diseases keep us fresh daily give us positivity it is a means of balancing and harmonizing the body, mind, and emotions. Yoga practices such as cleansing processes, asanas, pranayama, mudras, bandha, meditation, mindfulness, and relaxation are known to reduce blood glucose levels and help manage comorbid disease conditions associated with type 2 diabetes millions, resulting in insignificant positive clinical outcomes.

3.Walking:

Pay attention to your feet. High blood sugar can reduce blood flow and damage the nerves in your feet left untreated, cuts and blisters can lead to serious infections. Diabetes can lead to pain, tingling, or loss of sensation in your feet.

• Here are few tips to prevent foot problems.

Wash your feet in lukewarm water. Avoid soaking your feet as this can lead to dry skin; dry your skin gently, especially between your toes, do not put oils and cream between your toes as this may lead to infection as these oils and cream cause moisturizer. Consult your doctor if you have sore and other foot problems if it does not heal within a few days. One should stop consuming alcohol and smoke as it increases the risk of diabetes like Heart disease, nerve damage, kidney disease, and many more.

4.Alcohol & Smoking:

One should avoid taking alcohol and smoking as it will affect our health and worsen diabetes. As it increases the chances of Heart disease, kidney disease, nerve damage, and many more.

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